Physiographic Potentials and Spatial Agricultural Dynamics in The Menchum River Basin, Cameroon

Abstract

Whilst agriculture has flourished in most River Basins of the World for socio-economic sustenance, the exploitation of river basin potentials for agriculture remains crucial in ensuring food security. This study explores the influence of physiographic factors, particularly topography and soil properties, on agricultural dynamics within the Menchum River Basin, Cameroon. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, data was collected from 239 agriculturalists involved in slope cultivation across three agro-ecological zones: Bamenda, Bafut, and Menchum Valley. Landsat satellite imagery was utilized to map physiographic variations and correlate farmland distribution patterns with slope gradients. The research employed descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including Pearson Product Moment Correlation, to assess the relationship between slope gradient and cropland density. The results indicate that topography and soil fertility play a critical role in determining crop distribution and farming practices. However, the study reveals a disconnection between land suitability and crop selection, particularly in areas with steep slopes and limited soil fertility. This misalignment leads to inefficient land use and environmental degradation. Therefore, it is recommended that agricultural practices in the basin be better aligned with physiographic constraints, advocating for the adoption of sustainable land management practices such as terracing to reduce soil erosion and improve land productivity.