The Effects of Chieftaincy and Land Conflicts on the Socio-political Development of Northern Ghana

Francis Issahaku Malongza Bukari, Stephen Bugu Kendie, Mohammed Sulemana, Sylvester Zackaria Galaa

Abstract


This paper assesses the effects of inter-ethnic chieftaincy and land conflicts on the socio-political development of northern Ghana. The knowledge gap the study sought to fill is the use of theoretical antecedents to illustrate that conflicts have some merits for socio-political development and that conflict theories equally depict solutions to conflicts. Methodologically, the study makes use of content analysis of secondary data, by following the tenets of the realistic group conflict theory. Examples were drawn from the Konkomba, Gonja, Nanumba, Dagomba, Kusasi, Mo and the Sissala disputes of emancipation. It was revealed that major positive effects of the conflicts include improvement in the decision-making processes on community development issues, strengthening of inter-ethnic unity and helping to redeem the identity of a group. The destruction of life and property is the major demerit. It was recommended that civic education on the causes and effects of the conflicts by authentic participation of potential disputants could provide a more sustainable way of preventing conflict.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Acquah, J. G. K. (2006). The judicial role of the chief in democratic governance. In Odotei &Awedoba, A.K. (eds.) (2006). Chieftaincy in Ghana. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publications.

Apusigah, A. A. (2004). Gender, vulnerability and the politics of decision-making in Ghana: the caseof the Upper East Region. Ghana Journal of Development Studies, 1(2), 6-26.

Akwetey, V. K. (2007). Traditional costumes and their relevanceas cultural symbols to film making in Ghana: Asante case study. A master thesis. Kumasi: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.

Awedoba. A. K. (2014). The peoples of northern Ghana. Accra: National Commission on Culture.

Awedoba, A. K. (2010). Living in the age of conflict: exploring the role of indigenous solutions in conflictmanagement and resolution in northern Ghana. In Kendie B.S (ed.) (2010). Proceedings of the 2010 harmattan school: Conflict management and peace building for poverty reduction. Tamale: Center for Continuing Education and Inter-disciplinary Research,

University for Development Studies.

Boateng, C. G. (2012). A brief history of northern Ghana-focus on Gonja. Accra: Ghana News Agency, September 3, 2012.

Boahene, A. (1970). A thousand years of West African history. In J. F. Ade Ajayi & I. Espie (eds) (1985).A thousand years of West African history: a handbook for teachers and students. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.

Botchwey, G. A. (2006). Steps to self reliance: for groups and communities. Cape Coast: Catholic Mission Press.

Brukum, N. J. K. (2001). Overview of ethnic and racial conflicts in Ghana: origins and factors contributing to inter-group violence. A seminar paper. Legon: University of Ghana.

Brukum, N. J. K. (2007). Chieftaincy and ethnic conflicts in the Northern Region of Ghana. In S. Tanah (ed.) (2007). Ethnicity, conflict and consensus in northern Ghana. Accra: WoeliPublishing Services, pp. 98-115.

Buescher, G. S. (2013). Conflict Prevention and Peace Building MDG-F Thematic Study: Review of Key Findings and Achievements. United Nations, MDG Achievement Fund.

Bukari, F. I. M., Aabeyir, R., & Laari, P. B. (2014). Overview of the influence of natural resource and population distribution on spatial development in Ghana. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(20), 133-148.

Chen, C. (2010). Minority on minority discrimination: impact of majority social norm perception Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University.

Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2002). Greed and Grievance in civil war. CSAE Working Paper. WPS 2002-01. Oxford: Oxford University.

Collier, P. (2006). Economic causes of civil conflicts and their implications for policy. Oxford: Oxford University.

Collier, P., Hoefflier, A., & Rohner, D. (2007). Beyond greed and grievance: Feasibility and civil war. World Bank.

Coser, L. (1956). The functions of social conflict. Philadelphia: The Free Press.

Dakuku, K. M. E. (1988). The languages of Ghana. London: Kegan Paul International.

District Capacity Building Project. (2002). Conflict in northern Ghana: a long-standing challenge to poverty-reduction initiative. A discussion paper. Accra: DISCAP.

Donkor, M., & Mason, J. (1994). Land, paramountcy and conflict in Northern Region: the 1994 guinea fowl war. Accra: CIDA.

Fink, C. F. (1968). Some conceptual difficulties in the theory of social conflicts. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 12, 412-460.

Gad, B. (2003). Communities and law: politics and cultures of legal identities. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.

Galaa, S., & Bukari, F. I. M. (2014). Water Tariff Conflict Resolution through Indigenous Participation in Tri-Water Sector Partnerships: The Case of Dalun Cluster Communities in the Northern Region of Ghana. Development in Practice, 24(5-6), 722-734.

Ganesan, A., & Vines, A. (2004). Engine of War: Resources, Greed, and the Predatory State. Human Rights Watch, 1st January, 2004 Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/402ba8804.pdf

Gati, N. K. (2008). The Dynamics of Communal Conflicts in Ghana's LocalGovernment System: A Case Study of the Adaklu-Anyigbe Conflict. Tromsø: University of Tromsø.

Ghana News Agency. (2004). Pass LI reconstituting NR House of Chiefs - Yagbon-wura. Accra: Ghana News Agency, August 4, 2004.

Ghana Statistical Service. (2008). Ghana living standards survey report of the fifth round. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.

Ghana Statistical Service. (2012). Population and housing census: special report on urban localities. Accra: GSS.

Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). (2014). Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6: poverty profile in Ghana. Accra: GSS.

Gonja Youth Association. (2004). Short history of the Gonja Kingdom (6th ed. of the Gonja Youth Congress). Damongo: Gonja Youth Association.

Haverkort, B., Millar, D., & Gones, C. (2011). knowledge and belief systems in Sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved April 27, 2014, from http://www.compasnet.org/blog/

Hippolyt, A. S. (2003). Exclusion, association, and violence: trends and triggers in northern Ghana’s Konkomba-Dagomba Wars. Chicago: Mid-West Political Science Association.

Hizkias, A. (1999). The meaning of reconciliation. Utrecht: European Center for Conflict Prevention.

Ibrahim, K., & Isah, M. (2011). Statement: Concern Youth of Wa (Cyw) Reaction. Accra: Ghana News Agency, August 4, 2011.

Jackson, J. W. (1993). Realistic group conflict theory: a review and evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature. Psychological Record, 43(3), 395-415.

Jacquel, D. S. (2007). What is conflict? Retrieved July 15, 2010, from http://www.ehow/com

Jonson, J. (2007). Overwhelming minority: traditional leadership and ethnic conflicts in Ghana’s Northern Region. Oxford: CRISE.

Joshua Project. (2014). Wala, Waali in Ghana. Accra: Joshua Project.

Kagwanja, P., & Hagg, G. (2007). Identity and peace: reconfiguring conflict resolution in Africa. Durban: Africa Centre for Constructive Resolution of Disputes.

Kangsangbata, C. (2009). Traditional institutions and conflict management in northern Ghana. Tamale: University for Development Studies.

Kendie, S. B., & Akudugu, M. A. (2010). Application of game theory in the management of natural resources conflicts: the case of the Bongo District. In B. S. Kendie (ed.) (2010). Proceedings of the 2010 harmattan school: conflict management and peace building for poverty reduction. Tamale: Center for Continuing Education and Inter-disciplinary Research, University for Development Studies.

Kendie, S. B., & Bukari, K. N. (2012). Conflict and its effects on the development of the Bawku traditional area. University of Cape Coast Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1(1), 190-211.

Kumbuor, B. (2002). Customary law of the Dagara” of northern Ghana: indigenous rules or social construction. Journal of Dagaare Studies, 2.

Lentz, C. (2002). Contested boundaries: decentralisation and land conflicts in north-western Ghana. Leiden: Universität Mainz.

Mahama, E. S. (2010). Conflict in Ghana: strategies, stakeholders and the way forward. In B. S. Kendie (ed.) (2010). Proceedings of the 2010 harmattan school: conflict management and peace building for poverty reduction. Tamale: Center for Continuing Education and Inter-disciplinary Research, University for Development Studies.

Mahama, I. (2003). Ethnic conflicts in northern Ghana. Tamale: Cyber Systems.

Martinson, H. B. (1994). The hidden history of Konkomba wars in northern Ghana. Accra: Matter Press.

Macartan, H. (2003). Economics and Violent Conflict. Havard: United Nations Children’s Fund.

Matthew, J. (2014). Troop force triple in Ferguson as Obama condemns violence. Yahoo News, November 25, 2014.

Naden, T. (1989). Gur. In Bendor-Samuel, J. 1988. The Niger-Congo languages. 140-168. New York: University Press of America.

Odotei, I. K., & Awedoba, A. K. (eds.) (2006). Chieftaincy in Ghana: culture governance and development. Legon: Sub-Saharan Publishers, (2006), 17-19.

Odotei, I. K. (2008). History of Ghana. Legon: Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana. Retrieved June 20, 2014, from http://irenekodotei.org/content/history-ghana

Odotei, I. K. (2010). Chieftaincy in Ghana. A presentation during the Go Africa…Go Germany. Programme at the University of Ghana. Retrieved April 27, 2014, from renekodotei.org/content/chieftaincy-ghana

People, J., & Bailey, G. (2010). Humanity: an introduction to cultural anthropology (9th ed.). California: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Republic of Ghana. (2016). Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, chapter twenty-two: chieftaincy. Retrieved December 2, 2016, from http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/constitution.php?id=Gconst22.html

Robinson, J. W. (1972). The management of conflict. The Journal of the Community Development Society, 3(2), 100-105.

Ross, M. H. (2001). Psycho-cultural interpretations and dramas: identity dynamics in ethnic conflict. Political Psychology, 22(1), 157-178.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1950). Capitalism, socialism and democracy (3rd ed.). New York: Harper.

Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment (Vol. 10). Norman: University Book Exchange.

Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: an intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sulemana, M. (2009). Understanding the causes and impacts of conflicts in the northern region of Ghana. Ghana Policy Journal, 3, 110-139.

Tonah, S. (2012). The politicization of chieftaincy conflict: the case of Dagbon, Northern Region. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 21(1), 1-20.

Tsikata, D., & Seini, W. (2004). Identities, inequalities and conflicts in Ghana. Oxford: Center for Research on Inequalitity, Human Security and Ethnicity.

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (2010-2014). Social development in an uncertain world. Geneva: UNRISD.

Zartman, M. (1985/1989). Ripe for Resolution. New York: Oxford University Press.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i1.11008

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




International Journal of Social Science Research (Online ISSN: 2327-5510) E-mail: ijssr@macrothink.org

To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'macrothink.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.

Copyright © Macrothink Institute   ISSN 2327-5510