Knowledge is Power: An Analysis of the Causes and Effects of the Overrepresentation of African Americans and Other Racial Minorities in the US Foster Care System

Abstract

This paper employs a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative statistical analysis with a literature review, to examine the overrepresentation of African American and other racial minority children in the US foster care system and analyze the effects of systemic racial discrimination. Drawing on Critical Race Theory and quantitative data, the study identifies gaps in the foster care process and proposes actionable, data-driven reforms. The analysis utilizes publicly available datasets, including national child welfare statistics and administrative records. It employs descriptive and comparative statistical methods to evaluate rates of system involvement by race and ethnicity at key decision points (reporting, investigation, substantiation, and placement). Additionally, the research incorporates a literature review of peer-reviewed studies and policy reports to interpret observed disparities. The central thesis asserts that institutional biases and historic inequities drive racial disproportionality at multiple stages of decision-making. Solutions are recommended that prioritize family empowerment, cultural competence, and transitional assistance to address these inequities and promote the well-being of children and families.