The U.S. K-12 Teacher Shortage: Pay, Working Conditions & Solutions

Abstract

As one of the most influential countries in the world, the United States (U.S.) has long been recognized for its high-quality education, attracting millions of people to seek educational opportunities. However, the teacher shortage in K-12 education has persisted for decades, with no practical solutions to address it. This evidence-based study uncovers that two primary factors, relatively low salaries and demanding working conditions, contribute to the shortage. The shortage challenges not only seriously reduce teacher retention rate but also dramatically discourage new graduates from entering the profession, further exacerbating the shortage. Although the shortage is severe and escalating, the issue remains inadequately examined and addressed. This evidence-based study, drawing on various data sources on education and compensation, aims to identify the primary root causes and propose feasible solutions to help address the teacher shortage in the U.S.