Comparative Analysis of the Nebelivka Temple Complex of the Trypillia Culture and the Structures of the Artificial Mound of Tell Qaramel in Syria

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of the Nebelivka temple complex of the Trypillia culture (4000-3900 BCE) and the structures of the artificial mound of Tell Qaramel (circa 9130-8800 BCE) located in present-day Syria. Despite the geographical distance and chronological disparity between the sites, the monuments exhibit significant parallels in architecture, symbolism, and presumed ritual practices.

The study identifies shared features such as astronomical orientation of the structures in relation to solar cycles, the understanding and ritual use of lunar cycles, the use of red coloration in interiors, the cult of the wild aurochs, practices of "fire purification," and complex symbolic systems. Particular attention is given to the analysis of artifacts that indicate calendrical observations and bear an identical symbolic code: consisting of three interwoven lines forming four rhomboid structures.

The identified parallels suggest the possible existence of shared cosmological archetypes or complex cultural interactions between early agrarian societies of the Near East and Europe. The findings of the study confirm that the religious beliefs of these cultures were based on systematic astronomical observations, characterized by a sophisticated symbolic language, and reflected a complex understanding of the interconnection between cosmic phenomena and terrestrial processes. This allows for a renewed appreciation of their contribution to the development of humanity’s fundamental worldview systems.